நான் நானாக இருக்கும் நான்

 சுற்றுச்சூழல் விவசாயம் மற்றும் தேனீ வளர்ப்பு தேனீக்கள் தாவரங்களில் பூக்கள உருவாக மிகவும் அவசியமான உயிரினங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். ஒரு தேனீ காலனி மிக குறுகிய காலத்தில், பரந்த அளவிலான சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்புகளில் கூட மகரந்தச் சேர்க்கை செய்யும் திறனைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. விவசாயத்துடன் இணைந்த தேனீ வளர்ப்பு ஆரோக்கியமான விதைகளை உற்பத்தி செய்து பயிர் விளைச்சலை அதிகரிக்கும். சுற்றுச்சூழல் விவசாயத்தின் கீழ் தேனீ வளர்ப்புக்கான ஒரு வழியாக வேளாண் காடுகளை அறிமுகப்படுத்தலாம். வேளாண் வனவியல் போன்ற இயற்கை சுற்றுச்சூழல் நிலைமைகளின் கீழ் உற்பத்தி செய்யப்படும் தேனுக்கு சந்தையில் நல்ல கிராக்கி உள்ளது. மேலும், குறைந்த செலவில் தேனீ வளர்ப்பை பராமரிப்பது சிறு விவசாயியின் பொருளாதார நிலைக்கு அதிக பெறுமதியை சேர்க்கிறது. தேன் உற்பத்தியை அதிகரிப்பதற்காக, வேளாண் சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்பு பின்வருமாறு நிர்வகிக்கப்படுகிறது, பல்வேறு பூக்கும் செடிகளை வளர்க்கப்படுகிறது, பூக்கும் தன்மையை மேம்படுத்துவதற்கு சூழல் மாற்றியமைக்கப்படுகிறது, வானிலை நிலைகளில் கவனம் செலுத்தப்படுகிறது மற்றும் பொருத்தமான தாவரங்கள் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படுகின்றன. தேனீ வ...

HR : Planning for people, developing people and retaining people in an organization HRM: The process of acquiring, training, appraising and compensating employees: and of attending their labour relations, health, safety and fairness concerns.  HRD: A subset of HRM.   The process of developing the HR so that they stay fit for a long time and give best output as long as they are with the organization.

Mahaweli Development Project Mahaveli basin covers 9 provinces and total 15% of the country’s population.  Started in 1977, the Mahaweli development project aimed to convert the Mahaveli River to cultivate in the dry zone of the country to boost rice production and to generate hydropower.  This project covered over 900,000 acres land area.  The initial plan was started with the help of World Bank with the idea of building a 5 mile tunnel and a hydropower station at Ukuwela.  The project was initially planned for 30 years (Mahaweli Development Programme, Sri Lanka, n.d.). Figure 1 shows the planned reservoirs along the Mahaweli River, from hill country towards the low lands of dry zone, under the Mahaweli development program. Figure 1. Plan of Reservoirs along the Mahaweli River obtained from Ceylon Electricity board’s knowledge centre. Accelerated Mahaweli Program The new government viewed Mahaweli Development program as a long term project and decided to...

Gay Oya valley is in the Uwa and Eastern Provinces. It includes the famous Senanayake Samudraya and Bird Island too.  Started in 1949, Gal Oya development project is an irrigation project based on the Tennessee valley project in the USA. The project in the USA was introduced in 1933 and was to provide navigation, electricity generation, flood control, fertilizer manufacturing and economic development of the Tennesee Valley region.  It was a success in the USA as it decentralized power and increased the living slandered of Tennessee valley inhabitants. Figure1. Plan of the Tennesee Valley project in USA. The government of Sri Lanka aimed a similar effect by starting Gal Oya project.  It was initiated to provide water, produce sugar, hydro power and agricultural products. 42, 000 acres land was expected to use for irrigation. The Gal Oya Development Board was given all the rights for design, construction, operation and maintenance.  This project had a c...

Community mobilization is recognized as the foundation of community development projects. Community mobilization is a process of building relationships among community members in order organize and take actions to pursuit common interests of the community. Community mobilizations target sustainable development. Figure 1 shows the process of a community mobilization program . Figure 1. Action cycle of a community mobilization program. The community mobilization involves four important stages. Those are building partnerships, developing a community plan, implementing community action plans, and evaluating their effectiveness. These stages are further explained in figure 2 given below Figure 2. The community mobilization model There are both strengths and weaknesses in following community mobilization as a foundation of community development projects.  Strengths include the direct involvement of the participants in decision making and implication processes....

There are four elements of community development (Sanders, 1958). We can look at community development as a process, method, program and a movement.  1.       Community Development as a Process Community development is viewed as a process which helps to move from existing state to a desired state. Usually community development aims for a better state than the existing state, it is a process of moving from a lower point to an upper point in development.  This process involves a total transformation of everyone in the community both mentally and behaviourally. There are several models and frameworks used for community development processes. Figure 1. Shows the general stages of a community development process starting from preparedness up to reinvestment. However, not all the community development processes follow these steps in given order, some skip some of the steps and some steps are performed simultaneously . Figure 1. General stages o...